common elder

These plants grow well in sun or in partial shade. Usually they tolerate more sun and heat if given enough moisture; in partial or light shade they need less moisture.

Decidious have woody stems (i. e. tree trunk and branches) and are also called woody plants or trees. Leaves are normally broad, soft and thin.

The plant develops new leaves or needles every spring, which dropp off in autumn. Herbaceous plants can die completely in above ground section and grow back in the spring.

Plant can in otherwise appropriate environment survive cold down to - 23 °C.

Porous or dry soils are normally light and loose, there is no stagnant water but relatively quickly flows in deeper layers; such ground are more airy and warmer, yet drier and usually contain less humus and for such undergrowth it is often to for drought to appear (e. g. rockgardens, walls, by paths and roads, on gravel, also on gravel surface in towns and close to buildings ...), plants of such undergrowth need well-drained soil, they tolerate drought but cannot tolerate constant moisture or even flooding.

Ripen, normally developed and healthy (without signs of diseas or pests) fruits can be consumed cooked, baked or else heat treated, rpocessed into juices, jams and suchlike. Before consumation many fruits must be: cleaned, penducles and peel/shell or/and some inedible parts need to be removed. Ripeness goes out in several phases. Some fruits are only technologicaly ripen when picked, these have to be left hanged or softened for some time to gain the phase of edible ripeness, so after ahrvesting they must be storaged under proper conditions to become useable. Durability and storage capacity of fruits can vary greatly, they depend on plant species and variety and external factors. Regarding edibility and/or healing power we are not liable, in this matter seek for professional guidance before consumation or usage.

Woody plant, normally branched at the ground level into several side stems, usually lacks of a dominant stem. Tree top can be of different shapes, dense or thin, symetric or uneven. Most shrubs reach a height of 1 to 2 metres, but some can grow much higher (up to 8 m); some can grow into very low or carpet-like forms.